What is Epithalon?
Epithalon (also known as Epitalon or AEDG) is a synthetic tetrapeptide composed of alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and glycine. It has been widely researched for its potential role in regulating aging, telomere activity, and oxidative stress.
Epithalon is a synthetic peptide modeled after a naturally occurring compound produced in the pineal gland. It has been studied for its potential to influence gene expression and delay cellular aging by modulating biological mechanisms like telomere elongation and oxidative balance. It is of particular interest in gerontology and neurobiology research [2].
Molecular Formula and Structure
- Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₂₂N₄O₉
- Molecular Weight: 390.35 g/mol
Epithalon is a tetrapeptide with the sequence Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly. Its short structure and stability under experimental conditions make it an attractive candidate for research applications in molecular aging and regenerative biology [3].
Epithalon Research
- Gene Expression and Neuronal Differentiation
Research shows that Epithalon can promote neuronal differentiation by increasing expression of neurogenic markers such as GAP43 and β-Tubulin III in human embryonic stem cells. This suggests potential roles in neurogenesis and regenerative medicine [1].
- Telomere Elongation and Cell Longevity
Epithalon has been shown to activate telomerase in human somatic cells, resulting in measurable telomere elongation. This mechanism is associated with delayed cellular senescence and extended cell lifespan, making Epithalon a focal point in anti-aging research [4].
- Antioxidant Effects
Studies indicate that Epithalon enhances antioxidant defense by upregulating superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity. These effects contribute to reduced oxidative stress and may protect against age-related cellular damage [5].
- Aging and Lifespan Studies
In rodent models, Epithalon administration resulted in delayed age-associated changes and extended lifespan. One study reported a 12.3% increase in maximum lifespan and a 13.3% increase in the lifespan of the final 10% of subjects [6].
- Oncostatic Potential
Epithalon has been explored for its possible anti-cancer properties. In mice, it significantly reduced the incidence of spontaneous tumors and slowed the progression of experimentally induced neoplasms. While results are promising, further study is needed to clarify its mechanisms [6].
Reconstitution and dosing
Epithalon is typical reconstituted with Bacteriostatic water in various concentrations, usually in 10 to 20mg/ml. Epithalon has been shown to be highly beneficial with a variety of dosing protocols. The gold standard protocol used in Khavinson’s research is 10mg per day for 10 days, twice a year. Another well researched method is 10mg every third day for a total administration dose of 50mg over approximately 13 days, twice a year. A popular utilization of Epithalon is 2mg per day for 20 days, three times per year. Overall, the general guideline is to use 100 to 200mg Epithalon over the course of a year, broken up in 2-3 cycles throughout the year.
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Referenced Citations
- Zarubina IV et al. Epithalon promotes neuronal differentiation of human stem cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(3):874. PMID: 32012831
- Khavinson V. Peptide bioregulation of aging. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002;23(Suppl 3):26–30. PMID: 12500176
- PubChem. Epithalon Compound Summary. CID 3081379
- Khavinson V, Malinin V. Telomere lengthening induced by Epithalon in human somatic cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003;135(4):421–424. PMID: 14635999
- Trofimova SV et al. Antioxidant activity of peptide bioregulators. Biogerontology. 2007;8(3):293–299. PMID: 17342439
- Anisimov VN et al. Effect of Epithalon on lifespan and tumor development in mice. Biogerontology. 2003;4(4):193–202. PMID: 14501183
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